What treatment options are available for Giant Cell Arteritis?

Giant Cell Arteritis—also known as “rheumatism of the head”—is an inflammatory disease affecting the blood vessels, primarily in people over 50. Early treatment is crucial because inflammation of the temporal arteries and other large vessels can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Many patients wonder: what can relieve the pain? Thanks to modern therapies, symptoms can usually be well controlled, and long-term damage prevented. The goal of treatment is to quickly suppress inflammation and prevent relapses over time.

Traditionally, acute inflammation is treated with glucocorticoids, commonly called corticosteroids. They are effective in reducing acute inflammation but can cause significant side effects when used for a long time, such as an increased risk of osteoporosis, diabetes, weight gain, and high blood pressure. This often raises the question: Are there alternatives to corticosteroids? The good news is that modern medications such as biologics now offer targeted therapies that regulate the immune system and can provide long-term support.

Biologics in Giant Cell Arteritis: how they work and help

Biologics are biologically produced medications that specifically target the malfunctioning immune system. They block inflammation-promoting proteins (messenger substances) that are often overproduced in autoimmune diseases, triggering painful and sometimes dangerous immune responses. These proteins set off a chain reaction in the immune system, causing painful and potentially harmful consequences. Biologics interrupt this signaling cascade by preventing these messengers from activating further inflammatory responses. This can stop acute inflammation and, in many cases, lead to complete resolution. For many patients with Giant Cell Arteritis, biologics mean less pain, a noticeably improved quality of life, and a much lower risk of permanent damage, such as harm to the optic nerve.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of biologics in Giant Cell Arteritis?

A major advantage of biologic therapy is that it often allows for a significant reduction in corticosteroid doses—and in many cases, corticosteroids can even be stopped entirely. This greatly lowers the risk of long-term side effects and makes everyday life much easier for those affected. Studies also show that many patients experience significant symptom relief within just a few days of starting treatment.

One drawback reported by some patients is the method of administration: biologics used for Giant Cell Arteritis are typically given by subcutaneous injection, meaning they are injected under the skin. This can be done either in the doctor's office or, after proper training, independently at home by the patient, their relatives or a caregiver.

Why medical monitoring is important in the treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis

Regardless of the chosen form of therapy—and even if symptoms improve—regular medical monitoring remains essential. Inflammatory markers in the blood and imaging techniques, like those used for diagnosis (read more about diagnostic options here), allow for reliable tracking of the reduction in inflammation. At the same time, these methods can detect new vascular narrowings or aneurysms early. Only with this close supervision can treatment be adjusted individually and managed successfully over the long term.

What can be done to improve well-being with Giant Cell Arteritis?

Alongside medication, there are several ways to support your well-being: eating a balanced diet, engaging in regular moderate exercise, and generally taking a mindful approach to yourself all help maintain both physical and emotional balance. Pay attention to your body’s signals, take changes seriously, and keep up with your follow-up appointments—this all supports long-term treatment success.

Does your therapy include a Celltrion medication plan? Then you can log in here to learn more about managing your condition in everyday life.